Modelling & Simulation Terminology

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3-D modeling software
Software that enables the user to create 3- D objects. The objects can be rotated, stretched, and combined with other model objects to create complex 3-D scenes.
Animation
The process of simulating motion with a series of still pictures.
Audio digitizers
Hardware devices or software programs that capture a sound and store it as a data file on a disk.
Augmented reality (AR)
The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person’s sensory perceptions, supplementing rather than replacing (as in virtual reality) the world the user sees.
Bit depth
Color depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel in a color display.
Bitmapped graphics
Graphics in which images are stored and manipulated as organized collections of pixels rather than as shapes and lines. Contrast with object-oriented graphics.
Bullet charts
Graphical elements, such as drawings and tables, integrated into a series of charts that list the main points of a presentation.
button A hot spot on a screen that responds to mouse clicks. A button can be programmed to perform one of many tasks, such as opening a dialog box or launching an application.
Color depth
Bit depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel.
Compression
Making files smaller using special encoding schemes. File compression saves storage space on disks and saves transmission time when files are transferred through networks.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
The use of computers to draw products or process designs on the screen.
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
When the design of a product is completed, the numbers are fed to a program that controls the manufacturing of parts. For electronic parts the design translates directly into a template for etching circuits onto chips. Also called computer integrated manufacturing (CIM).
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
The combination of CAD and CAM.
Digital video
Video reduced to a series of numbers, which can be edited, stored, and played back without loss of quality.
Drawing software
Stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. Also stores shapes as shape formulas and text as text.
Frame
In animation, one still picture in a video or animated sequence.
Gray-scale graphics
Computerized imaging that allows each pixel to appear as black, white, or one of several shades of gray.
Hypermedia
The combination of text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music, and other media in hyperlinked documents.
Hypertext
An interactive cross-referenced system that allows textual information to be linked in nonsequential ways. A hypertext document contains links that lead quickly to other parts of the document or to related documents.
Image processing software
Software that enables the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images.
Interactive multimedia
Multimedia that enables the user to take an active part in the experience.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other and work together.
Morph
Video clip in which one image metamorphoses into another.
MP3
A method of compression that can squeeze a music file to a fraction of its original CD file size with only slight loss of quality.
Multimedia
Using some combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice, and sound effects to communicate.
Multimedia-authoring software
Enables the creation and editing of multimedia documents.
Object-oriented graphics
The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects.
Page-description language
A language used by many drawing programs that describes text fonts, illustrations, and other elements of the printed page.
Painting software
Enables you to paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device.
Palette
A collection of colors available in drawing software.
Pixel
A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout. Groups of pixels compose the images on the monitor and the output of a printout.
PostScript
A standard page-description language.
Presentation graphics software
Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, and other presentations. Can include everything from spreadsheet charting programs to animation editing software, but most commonly used for creating and displaying a series of onscreen slides to serve as visual aids for presentations.
Public domain
Creative work or intellectual property that is freely usable by anyone, either because the copyright has expired or because the creator obtained a Creative Commons license for the work.
Raster (bit-mapped) graphics
Painting programs create raster graphics that are, to the computer, simple maps showing how the pixels on the screen should be represented.
Resolution
Density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch.
Sample
A digital sound file.
Sequencing software
Software that enables a computer to be used as a tool for musical composition, recording, and editing.
Synthesized
Synthetically generated computer sounds.
Tele-immersion
The use of multiple cameras and high-speed networks to create an environment in which multiple remote users can interact with each other and with computer-generated objects.
Vector graphics
The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects.
Video digitizer
A device that converts analog video signals into digital data.
Video editing software
Software for editing digital video, including titles, sound, and special effects.
Virtual reality
Technology that creates the illusion that the user is immersed in a world that exists only inside the computer, an environment that contains both scenes and the controls to change those scenes.




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