1. VISION IMPAIRMENTS
* Blindness involves a substantial, uncorrectable loss of vision in both eyes
* Low Vision, for example: instance poor acuity (vision that is not sharp), tunnel vision (seeing only the middle of the visual field), central field loss (seeing only the edges of the visual field), and clouded vision.
* Color blindness is a lack of sensitivity to certain colors. Common forms of color blindness include difficulty distinguishing between red and green, or between yellow and blue. Sometimes color blindness results in the inability to perceive any color.
2. SPEECH DISABILITIES
Speech disabilities can include difficulty producing speech that is recognizable by some voice recognition software, either in terms of loudness or clarity
3. MOTOR DISABILITIES
Motor disabilities can include weakness, limitations of muscular control (such as involuntary movements, lack of coordination, or paralysis), limitations of sensation, joint problems, or missing limbs. Some physical disabilities can include pain that impedes movement. These conditions can affect the hands and arms as well as other parts of the body.
4. DEAF/DIFFICULTIES IN HEARING
Deaf involves a substantial uncorrectable impairment of hearing in both ears. Some deaf individuals' first language is a sign language, and they may or may not read a written language fluently, or speak clearly
5. LEARNING DISABILITIES
Some of educated people have developed software to help these people so they can learn like a normal people.
One of the software called SC@UT stands for Augmentative and Adaptive Communication System, was created by researchers from the School of Computer Engineering (ETSI) at AGR, the association ASPROGRADES and a team of psychologists, psycho-pedagogues, and speech therapists. This sofware is designed for children with special communication and educational needs, such as those who suffer from autism Down's syndrome, or cerebral palsy. It can help the child to express such needs as going to the toilet or hunger, as well as such states as being happy, sad, or tired.
When communication improves, disruptive behaviour in disabled children decreases. Consequently, the use of that display could also diminish aggressiveness in autistic children. Some of them even injured themselves because they become frustrated when they cannot communicate with others. Using this software, they will establish communication among their friends and teachers.
SC@UT can be downloaded from www.ugr.es/~scaut/
For someone that have problem with visual impairments, some of computers has been designed for them. Such computers can be communicate back to the person, via a synthetic voice, for what he is typing while others read what's on a web page. And we also have Braille output device for blind person. Furthermore there are Magnification software products that can enlarge a particular part of a computer screen. The Monochrome screen will also provided for color blind person.
For Physical Disabilities Person, some solution for them so that they can also learn as follows:
* a larger keyboard on your computer may help when they have difficulties with dexterity
* an 'on-screen keyboard' means the user only needs a mouse to select characters on the screen
* alternatives to using a standard mouse include joysticks or tracker balls, which can be easier to control and use
* pointers and sticks are available that can be attached to the head and used to press keys on a keyboard
* a speech recognition software, which enable user to type on the computer using his only voice instead of keyboard/mouse.
* Keyboard software. One of the simplest ways to adapt a computer is to modify the standard keyboard using special software.
* Vocal Joystick software, which allows disabled people to use computers in a better way. The software allows the computer to be driven by sound, in pace of the conventional-functioning mouse
* a software that allow a physically disabled person to guide a computer mouse using brain waves and eye movements.
Example:
Technology that allows gamers to control game functions with only their eyes is helping to open virtual worlds such as Second Life and World of Warcraft to people with severe motor disabilities.
ScienceDaily (July 1, 2009)
For Deaf students, they can use SMIL-based multimedia format enabling synchronized captioning of audio and description of video. They can quickly found that it was much easier to comprehensively index the audio resources on the accessible area of the Web site, once these resources were captioned with text.
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( 0 / 0 )Kalau kita menggunakan Win XP Service Pack 3 dan terkoneksi dengan jaringan lokal, terkadang muncul pesan Generic Host Error. Error ini akan sangat mengganggu, karena kita tidak akan bisa mengakses jaringan lokal lagi sebelum komputer kita restart.
Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan (selain format ulang) adalah sebagai berikut:
Pada saat kita mengupgrade WinXP ke SP3, ada 3 file DLL yang diupdate oleh Windows, yaitu: wscsvc.dll, wzcdlg.dll dan wzcsvc.dll. 3 file ini harus dikembalikan ke versi sebelumnya, yaitu versi 5.1.2600.2180.
Jika kita tidak punya, maka kita bisa download dari http://www.dlldump.com/ dan pastikan versinya sama dengan yang sudah disebutkan diatas.
Untuk jaga2, jangan langsung direplace file aslinya dan kita tidak dapat mengupdate pada saat windows aktif, karena file2 tersebut digunakan oleh windows.
Caranya adalah dengan melalui Safe Mode Command Prompt Only. Setelah kita masuk ke Safe Mode, kita dapat merename file aslinya terlebih dahulu, baru kemudian kita copykan 3 file yang sudah kita download tadi ke folder windows/system32.
Selanjutnya komputer kita restart dan Generic Hostnya tidak akan muncul lagi.
Tips ini cukup efektif dilakukan dan berjalan dengan baik. Semoga bisa membantu.
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( 0 / 0 )Beberapa Hal yang dinilai:
1. AUTHENTICITY
(33 Points per level)
Level 1: (0-33) Gambar/Foto didapatkan dari Internet atau foto pribadi yang dibuat cerita.
Level 2: (34-66)Gambar tokoh original, namun background didapat dari Internet.
Level 3: (67-100)Semuanya Original, baik tokoh maupun background.
Max. 100 points
2. DESIGN
(33 Points per level)
Level 1: (0-33) Dalam kebanyakan frame, tidak ada backgroundnya.
Level 2: (34-66) Background sudah ada, namun tidak ada efek atau efeknya kurang.
Level 3: (67-100) Efek seperti Frame dan Page style digunakan.
Max. 100 points
3. COMPLEXITY
(33 Points per level)
Level 1: (0-33)Komik tidak terdiri dari 4 halaman atau 12 frame.
Level 2: (34-66)4 Halaman/12 Frame, namun tidak ada Cover Sheet.
Level 3: (67-100) Semuanya lengkap.
Max. 100 points
4. STORY
(33 Points per level)
Level 1: (0-33) Tidak ada Storylinenya.
Level 2: (34-66) Story tidak mengandung pesan moral yang positif.
Level 3: (67-100) Story mengandung pesan moral yang positif.
Max. 100 points
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( 0 / 0 )Case Study: Dissan Hotel
Overview
The Dissan Hotel is a 5-star hotel in Columbo, Sri Lanka, attracting both tourists and business people because of its relaxed atmosphere and strategic location close to downtown tourist attractions and businesses. Hotel guests experience friendly personalized attention, which they receive from the moment that they fax or phone their reservation and throughout their entire stay. The hotel, which was built in 1985, has 250 rooms on 6 floors and offers many modern services including a restaurant, snack bar, lounge, news-stand and gift shop, in-door and outdoor swimming pools, fitness room with massage and sauna, business center, and meeting rooms.
The features and services offered by the hotel include:
• television (cable/satellite/hotel channels with hotel information and local details)
• air conditioning
• telephone
• safe in the room with combination lock
• smoke alarm in rooms
• hotel key system with each room having a common key for the room and the mini-bar
• commercial laundry and dry cleaning service
• room service
• concierge services
• reservation and check-out services
• currency exchange at the front desk
• business center (3 computers with Internet access, scanner, laser printer, photocopier and fax machine)
• 3 meeting rooms (no network access but a ceiling mounted projection system that can be interfaced to video and DVD players and laptops is available with a large white screen. Overhead projector and paper flip charts for writing are also available).
Currently upon check-in, the hotel guest receives a card indicating their name and room number. Whenever the guest pays for any of the services of the hotel, the guest shows their card and signs the bill. The bill is then forwarded to the hotel accounting office. No money is used within the hotel. A receipt for the bill is given to the hotel guest so that they can keep track of the bills that have been incurred within the hotel, and payment can be made upon checkout.
Human Resources
The Dissan Hotel has a general manager who is responsible for the smooth running of all aspects of the hotel and accounting office staff who collate the customers’ bills from all expenses incurred within the hotel. The accounting office staff are responsible for all normal business accounting functions relating to purchases and payments made by the hotel as well as employee salaries. The assistant manager of the hotel maintains all of the personnel records.
The Dissan Hotel employs its own personnel to handle all hotel services rather than rely on outsourcing. In addition to the personnel who come directly in contact with hotel guests, there are service personnel specifically qualified and responsible for IT and communication services located in hotel rooms, the business center, meeting rooms, hotel reservation desk and accounting office.
Hotel Guests
The Dissan hotel guests are actually composed of two target groups: tourists to Sri Lanka and people traveling due to international business. Upon registering in the hotel, all guests complete a questionnaire that records their name and personal contact details, their passport number and citizenship, length of stay at the hotel and purpose of the visit. There is no indication on the form regarding the purpose for the collection of the information or where and how the information will be stored and accessed.
IT Systems
The hotel IT management system is composed of several components:
• room reservations
• billing of hotel guests for rooms and all services used with the hotel
• accounting functions associated with running all hotel services
• maintaining employee records and payment of salaries.
Hotel guests have both cable and satellite television services in their rooms. Laptop computers can be used with the second telephone line in each room for accessing the Internet. The connection is a standard 56 kbps.
The computers in the business center have been installed with standard applications required in business such as word processor, spreadsheet and presentation software and can also be used for accessing the Internet. Black and white laser printing, scanning, photocopying and faxes are also available.
Whenever a user has difficulty with the operation of any of the hardware or software in either the business center or meeting rooms, the reception desk is contacted and a hotel IT service person is called to solve the problem. The hotel IT service person also responds to any requests for IT support for a presentation or meeting.
Challenges Faced
The Dissan Hotel must remain competitive with the services and operations supported by IT offered by both local hotels and internationally. Although the hotel has made some upgrading of their IT and communication services in hotel rooms, the business center and meeting rooms, the hotel must look to the future and implement new IT systems. These new systems need to improve the reservation and onsite services offered to hotel guests and improve the efficiency and management of all the hotel services. However, the privacy of hotel guests and the security of data are a major concern.
An increasing number of business people and tourists are traveling with laptop computers capable of wireless connectivity. They increasingly request access to the Internet, as well as hotel services and local information, from anywhere within the hotel premises. Guests of the Dissan Hotel are world travelers and are accustomed to quality hotel services offered in other hotels.
An increasing number of hotel guests need access to facilities where they can process and print images from digital cameras and simple editing video footage. They also require the capability of easily uploading their images to the Internet.
The Dissan Hotel general manager would like to have a complete overview of all aspects of the hotel by accessing the information from his laptop computer from anywhere in the hotel. He would also like the employees, who are responsible for the various services, to only have access to the information that relates to their area of responsibility. For example, the restaurant manager should only have access to information relating to restaurant reservations, deliveries of goods and the cost effective running of the restaurant.
The hotel manager and his staff are investigating the IT systems of the Dissan Hotel and making comparisons with other international hotels and their systems. The manager insists that any internal publications, such as hotel advertising and guest information, must be of the highest quality. Also, he would like to update the website to include more services for hotel guests including online reservations. In addition, the hotel management would like to improve the process of payment for hotel services by guests to make use of new IT that is available. It is proposed that linking this process with check-in in some way could have enormous benefits in terms of the administration of the hotel and its internal payments systems. The Dissan Hotel has set its goal to have modern, reliable and secure IT services and systems that protect the privacy of the hotel guests and provide quality efficient personalized service.
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( 0 / 0 )Network Solutions warns merchants after hack
Jul 25, 2009 12:07 pm | IDG News Service
Nearly 600,000 credit card numbers stolen from Ecommerce Hosting merchants
by Robert McMillan
Criminals may have stolen more than half a million credit card numbers from merchant servers hosted by Networks Solutions, the Internet hosting company warned Friday.
In a letter sent to merchants who use its Ecommerce Hosting services, the company said that someone illegally installed software on company servers used handle credit card transactions initiated by 573,928 people between March 12 and June 8, 2009.
The code "may have been used to transfer data on certain transactions for approximately 4,343 of our more than 10,000 merchant Websites outside the company," Network Solutions said in the letter, signed by company chairman and CEO Roy Dunbar and sent to merchants on Friday.
Consumers who were possibly affected by the intrusion are also being notified by credit monitoring service TransUnion. They will get 12 months of free credit monitoring.
Customers of Network Solutions' other lines of business, such as its domain name registration or Web hosting services, were not affected by the incident, said Susan Wade, a company spokeswoman.
Law enforcement agencies are investigating, and so far the company has not heard of any credit card numbers being misused, following the incident.
The company has set up a Web site, where affected merchants and consumers can get more information on the breach.
http://www.itnews.com/data-breach/6421/ ... after-hack
(1) Define the term eCommerce! (2 marks)
A transaction of products or services using Internet by businesses or consumers when seller and buyer is physically not in the same place (usually country).
(2) Describe the three categories of eCommerce! (6 marks)
Business to Business – Online Transaction between a company (usually a big one or factory) with another company as its reseller. The second company will open new market for the first one. Example: Cisco is a World Leading Network Company that provide network devices and it has so many affiliates around the world that sell its product.
Business to Consumer – Online Transaction from a company directly to consumer. This kind of eCommerce make a direct transcation to consumer and usually happened on middle size company. Example: Amazon is known as an online book store. It offers thousands of books that can be purchased online by everyone.
Consumer to Consumer – Online Transaction between a single person to another person. In this type, a person can stand as seller or buyer, depends on what they demand or sell. Example: eBay is a website that facilitates people around the world to make an online transaction, so they can offer their own goods and purchase stuff from other people around the world.
(3) According to Smith and Chaffey (2001), there are five key online marketing activities (the '5Ss') which can be applied by an organisation to implement various online marketing tactics. These keys are SELL, SERVE, SPEAK, SAVE and SIZZLE. Explain each activity on an online book store case! (15 marks)
SELL
There has to be a product to sell, which is books. Since this is online, they can also sell an electronic book that can be downloaded directly after the consumer make payment.
SERVE
When they are online, they have a bigger chance to serve the consumer. They can provide feedback form, provide online payment to make transaction easier and faster.
SPEAK
An online book store should have facilities to make communication with its consumer. On their website, they can provide online chat to know about the needs of their consumer.
SAVE
This online book store will surely save their cost. When they sell books in electronic format, they will no longer print their books, which is save the printing cost and also the shipping cost, since the consumers will be able to download it directly.
SIZZLE
Same with other companies, online book store will also try to extend the brand online. They will try to push the societies that they will keep on their mind for the brand. For example, amazon.co.uk, we will know that this company is an online book store.
(4) Explain two possible impacts in Business and Employment when hackers can successfully intrude the server and steal credit card information to be used for their own purposes! (6 marks) http://www.itnews.com/data-breach/6421/ ... after-hack
First, ofcourse it will give a bad impact on the company which is Network Solution. The company’s reputation will be drop and no one will use their services anymore, even though we found out from the article that it was because of the ilegal software inside their server, it has been proven that they have lack of security strength.
Second, as an impact of this, some employees might lose their job if the company no longer has a lot of customers. Furthermore, people will start to think twice to use eCommerce, as they have a big risk. Instead, they will choose the traditional transaction, even though its process is slow, but safer.
(5) Identify three factors or characteristics of a website so that it can be called as an eCommerce site! (2 marks)
* The website has an online payment facilities, usually using credit card or Paypal.
* The website has an order form that can be entried by consumer and usually protected by SSL (Secured Socket Layer) Protocol
* The website provides a communication board where people can offer their stuff or make a bid on particular thing.
* The website has many affiliates that offer the same products or services.
(6) Define the term TeleShopping! (2 marks)
Teleshopping is a shopping via videotex or other interactive information service and a form of advertising involving the broadcast of direct offers to the public with a view to the supply of goods or services.
(7) Outline the differences between Teleshopping and eCommerce (2 marks)
Teleshopping is a transaction that made when the seller and buyer is not in the same place. This is similar with eCommerce, however teleshopping can use any other medias, such as video interactive for its advertising purpose or telephone, while eCommerce always uses internet as its media.
(8) Identify the problem on the article! Explain at least two solutions and evaluate them! (15 marks) http://www.itnews.com/data-breach/6421/ ... after-hack
It’s clear from the article that the problem is lack of security system on Network Solution’s server, so unauthorized person can get through the system and installing some ilegal software. The solution for this issue is to strengthen the security system on the server by installing some software that can detect and remove any ilegal software. By installing the software, any kind of ilegal software will be removed automatically and make sure the server is safe from this kind of software. Norton and McAfee Security Software is a good example for the software. On the other hand, the server will have new burden as this software needs to be active all the times to monitor the system. This can give an impact on server performance, the server will run slower.
Another solution, Network Solutions as a large web host company could hire and employ some security experts. When these experts work for the company, it can stop or at least minimize hacking activities of unauthorized person. The employee can monitor the server from time to time to avoid this incident happened again in the future. However, this is also have some risks as we cannot put trust on the experts. As they are also a human that can make a mistake, or there is a possibliliy that they can assist the outsider by sharing any secret information for their own profit.
(9) In Education, explain two impacts that can raised from the incident! (6 marks) http://www.itnews.com/data-breach/6421/ ... after-hack
Network Solution as a large web host company has provide its service for many company or institution. Some of them can be a school or university. It’s give a negative impact for them if someone has successfully stolen their private database, since this data can be used for the need of their competitor, for example.
Another impact when this incident; it will trigger some company to establish an education for an ethical hacker to avoid this kind of incident will ghappen again in the future. Recently, this kind of school has been growing and the person that surpassed this will be awarded Certified Ethical Hacker.
(10)Describe two different ways people can steal private information! (4 marks)
The most popular way, people will use Spyware. When we are online, some spyware can be installed in ur computer without we realize it. This spyware will copy our private data and send all those information to the destination that has been setup before.
Adware as an alternative ilegal program also used for this purpose. When it displays some interactive ads on our computer, it can also gather some information and send it to its creator usually for vote and research purpose.
(11)Identify two kinds of Computer’s Memory! (2 marks)
ROM stands for Read Only Memory, unerasable
RAM stands for Random Access Memory, erasable
(12)Define the term ALU! (2 marks)
ALU stands for Arithmetic Logic Unit is a part of computer that responsible for calculate and logic work.
(13)Distinguish between data and information! (4 marks)
Data is raw information. For example: Lists of numbers, Lists of names, Lists of movies.
Information is data with meaning. For example:
- A list of numbers is organized to show the increase of disposable income amongst South Africans
- A list of names is organized to create a phone directory of people with a rare blood type
- A list of movies are organized by ranking as my favorite to least favorite movies
(14)Explain four things that computer normally do! (12 marks)
Receive input:
They accept information from the outside world.
Process information:
They perform arithmetic or logical (decision-making) operations on information.
Produce output:
They communicate information to the outside world.
Store information:
They move and store information in the computer’s memory
(Full mark will be awarded for clear description and example)
(15)Calculate these numbers and convert it in binary and hexadecimal! 73 – 16 – 141 – 51 – 39 (10 marks)
73 = 1001001 = 49
16 = 10000 = 10
141 = 10001101 = 8D
51 = 110011 = 33
39 = 100111 = 27
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